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- indicates possessive
- nominalizes verbs and adjectives
- substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
- (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion
- (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
- (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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- year (e.g. AD)
- counter for years
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- indicates direct object of action
- indicates subject of causative expression
- indicates an area traversed
- indicates time (period) over which action takes place
- indicates point of departure or separation of action
- indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
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- indicates such things as location of person or thing, location of short-term action, etc.
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- to do
- to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
- to serve as; to act as; to work as
- to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
- to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
- to decide on; to choose
- to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
- to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
- to be worth; to cost
- to pass (of time); to elapse
- verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
- creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
- to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
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- topic marker particle
- indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
- adds emphasis
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- casual quoting particle
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- if; when
- and
- with
- particle used for quoting (with speech, thoughts, etc.); quoting particle
- promoted pawn (shogi)
- indicates question (sentence end)
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- number; edition; make; model; issue; part of that group
- sobriquet; pen-name
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- indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
- indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
- but; however; still; and
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- indicates location of action; at; in
- indicates time of action
- indicates means of action; cause of effect; by
- indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.
- and then; so
- indicates continuing action
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- moon
- month
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- to be (of animate objects); to exist
- to stay
- (after the -te form of a verb) verb indicating continuing action or state (i.e. to be ..ing, to have been ..ing)
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- boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
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- also; too; words of similar weight
- about (emphasizing an upper limit); as much as; even
- more; further; other; again
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- cartoon; comic; comic strip
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- work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.); opus; performance; production
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- Sunday
- day (of the month)
- counter for days
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- star; any light-emitting (or reflecting) heavenly body (except for the sun and the moon)
- suspect (police slang)
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- eight
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- (after the -masu stem of a verb) to be able to ...; can ...
- to get; to acquire; to obtain; to procure; to earn; to win; to gain; to secure; to attain
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- ordinal
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- to draw; to paint; to sketch
- to depict; to describe
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- action of making something; -ification
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- counter for occurrences
- counter for games, rounds, etc.; counter for innings (baseball)
- Islam
- Hui (people)
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- -ist (used after a noun indicating someone's occupation, pursuits, disposition, etc.); -er
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- to become; to get; to grow; to be; to reach; to attain
- to result in; to prove to be
- to consist of; to be composed of
- to succeed; to be complete
- to change into; to be exchanged for
- to play a role
- to be promoted (shogi)
- to do ...
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- et cetera; etc.; and the like; and so forth
- (indicating an approximate quote or vague suggestion) or something
- (lessening the significance or value of the previous word) the likes of
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- thing; matter
- incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
- circumstances; situation; state of affairs
- work; business; affair
- after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
- nominalizing suffix
- pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
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- to fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves)
- to scatter; to be dispersed
- to disappear; to dissolve; to break up
- to spread; to run; to blur
- to die a noble death
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- such things as (non-exhaustive list related to a specific time and place); and ... and
- (after the dictionary form of a verb) the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...
- punctuational exclamation in haiku, renga, etc.
- interjection expressing surprise
- hi
- yes; what?
- plain copula
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- dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris)
- snoop (i.e. a detective, a spy, etc.)
- counterfeit; inferior; useless; wasteful
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- start; commencement; beginning; initiation
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- from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since
- from (originator)
- because
- out of (constituent, part)
- through (e.g. window, vestibule)
- after; since (following te-form verb)
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- the large part of
- big; large; great
- approximate size; no larger than
- -university
- large (e.g. serving size); loud (e.g. volume setting)
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- front cover; binding
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- eye; eyeball
- eyesight; sight; vision
- look; stare; glance
- an experience
- viewpoint
- stitch; texture; weave
- ordinal number suffix
- somewhat; -ish
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- from; out of; since; at
- than
- other than; except; but
- more
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- period; epoch; era; age
- the times; those days
- oldness; ancientness; antiquity
- antique; period piece
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- column of text (e.g. in a newspaper)
- field (in a form, web page, etc.)
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- protagonist; main character; hero(ine) (of a story)
- head of household
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- one
- best in; the most (...) in (where an adjective follows)
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- prize; award
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- city
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- many; numerous
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- (approximate) time; around; about; toward
- suitable time (or condition)
- time of year; season
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- this (something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or ideas expressed by the speaker)
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- division (of a larger group); branch; field; class (subclass); group; category; department
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- to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to exist; to live
- to have
- to be located
- to be equipped with
- to happen; to come about
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- design
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- series
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- fan
- fun
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- that (indicating something distant from both speaker and listener (in space, time or psychologically), or something understood without naming it directly)
- that person (used to refer to one's equals or inferiors)
- over there
- down there (i.e. one's genitals)
- period; menses
- that (something mentioned before which is distant psychologically or in terms of time)
- hey (expression of surprise or suspicion); eh?
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- until (a time); till; to; up to
- to (a place); as far as
- to (an extent); up to; so far as; even
- only; merely
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- book; volume; script
- this; present
- main; head
- real; regular
- counter for long cylindrical things; counter for films, TV shows, etc.; counter for goals, home runs, etc.
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- publication (e.g. article in paper); appearance; insertion
- to insert (e.g. an article); to run (e.g. in a newspaper); to carry (e.g. an article)
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- again; and; also; still (doing something)
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- theatre; theater; playhouse
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- manufacture; production
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- a work; a harvest
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- art gallery; art museum
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- author; writer; novelist; artist
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- entry to school or university; matriculation
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- entry (on stage); appearance (on screen)
- entrance; introduction (into a market)
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- graduation; completion (e.g. of a course)
- outgrowing something; moving on
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- インタビュー
- インタビュ
- インタービュー
- インタビュウ
- インタヴュー
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- interview (i.e. television, newspaper, etc.)
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- painful; bitter; heart-breaking
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- meeting; assembly; party
- association; club
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- character; personality; person; man; personage; talented man
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- that (something or someone distant from the speaker, close to the listener; actions of the listener, or ideas expressed or understood by the listener); the
- um...; er...; uh...
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- post-secondary education institution, incl. university, college, etc.
- former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators)
- the Great Learning - one of the Four Books
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- -like; typical
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- later; afterwards; since
- future
- after one's death
- descendant
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- to say
- to call (i.e. to give a name)
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- to hang (e.g. picture); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag)
- to sit
- to take (time, money); to expend (money, time, etc.)
- to make (a call)
- to multiply
- to secure (e.g. lock)
- to put on (glasses, etc.)
- to cover
- to burden someone
- to apply (insurance)
- to turn on (an engine, etc.); to set (a dial, an alarm clock, etc.)
- to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on
- to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.)
- to bind
- to pour (or sprinkle, spray, etc.) onto
- to argue (in court); to deliberate (in a meeting); to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.)
- to increase further
- to catch (in a trap, etc.)
- to set atop
- to erect (a makeshift building)
- to hold (a play, festival, etc.)
- to be partway (verb); to begin (but not complete); to be about to ...
- (after -masu stem of verb) indicates (verb) is being directed to (someone)
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- to talk; to tell; to recite
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- time; hour; moment
- occasion; case
- chance; opportunity; season
- the times; the age; the day
- tense
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- house; hall; building
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- center; centre; middle; heart; core; focus; pivot; emphasis; balance
- -centered; -centred; -focussed; -oriented; centered on; focussed on
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- medium; average; middle
- moderation
- middle school
- China
- in; out of (e.g. three out of ten people)
- during (a certain time when one did or is doing something); under (construction, etc.); while
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- teacher; master; doctor
- previous existence
- with names of teachers, etc. as an honorific
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- senior high school
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- talk; dialogue; conversation
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- indicates direction or goal (e.g. "to")
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- representative; representation; delegation; type; example; model
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- storey; story; floor
- stage (in chronostratigraphy)
- stairs
- counter for storeys and floors of a building
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- to receive; to get
- to catch (e.g. a ball)
- to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.)
- to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to suffer (an injury); to feel (influence)
- to undergo (e.g. surgery); to take (a test); to accept (a challenge)
- to be given (e.g. life, talent)
- to follow; to succeed; to be descended from
- to face (south, etc.)
- to be modified by
- to obtain (a pawned item, etc.) by paying a fee
- to be well-received; to become popular; to go down well
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- appearing ...; looking ...
- way to ...; method of ...ing
- form; style; design
- like; similar to
- thing (thought or spoken)
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- the world; society; the universe
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- to be (animate); to be; to exist
- (after the -te form of a verb) verb indicating continuing action or state (i.e. to be ..ing)
- (after -masu base of verb) indicates contempt or disdain for another's actions
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- one (esp. of two); the other; one way; the other way; one direction; the other direction; one side; the other side; one party; the other party
- on the one hand; on the other hand
- whereas; although; but at the same time; meanwhile; in turn
- (after noun, adjective-stem or plain verb) just keeps; being inclined to ...; tending to be ...; tending to do ...; continuously ...; just keeps on ...ing; only
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- on the occasion of; circumstances
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- by oneself; personally
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- liking; fondness; love
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- counter for books
- volume
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- to state; to express; to mention
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- influence; effect
- to influence; to affect; to have an influence on; to impact; to have an effect on
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- pupil in ... year; student in ... year
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- drama
- TV drama; teledrama; play
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- planning; project; plan; design
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