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- indicates possessive
- nominalizes verbs and adjectives
- substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
- (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion
- (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
- (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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- music; musical movement
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- indicates direct object of action
- indicates subject of causative expression
- indicates an area traversed
- indicates time (period) over which action takes place
- indicates point of departure or separation of action
- indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
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- indicates such things as location of person or thing, location of short-term action, etc.
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- genre
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- if; when
- and
- with
- particle used for quoting (with speech, thoughts, etc.); quoting particle
- promoted pawn (shogi)
- indicates question (sentence end)
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- jazz
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- to do
- to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
- to serve as; to act as; to work as
- to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
- to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
- to decide on; to choose
- to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
- to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
- to be worth; to cost
- to pass (of time); to elapse
- verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
- creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
- to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
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- topic marker particle
- indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
- adds emphasis
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- also; too; words of similar weight
- about (emphasizing an upper limit); as much as; even
- more; further; other; again
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- feature; trait; characteristic; pecularity
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- indicates location of action; at; in
- indicates time of action
- indicates means of action; cause of effect; by
- indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.
- and then; so
- indicates continuing action
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- to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
- to look over; to look on; to assess; to examine; to judge
- to look after; to keep an eye on; to take care of
- to view (e.g. flowers, movie)
- to try; to try out
- to see that...; to find that...
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- to coincide (fall on the same day); to have two of something; to overlap; to duplicate; to appear doubled; to repeat a school year after failing
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- class; order; rank
- et cetera (etc.); and the like
- equal
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- mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but; just about; almost
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- development; evolution; progressing; unfolding
- expansion; spreading out; extending; deployment; building up
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- music
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- form; shape; figure
- visage
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- influence; effect
- to influence; to affect; to have an influence on; to impact; to have an effect on
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- electron
- (esp. as a prefix) electronic; electronics
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- such things as (non-exhaustive list related to a specific time and place); and ... and
- (after the dictionary form of a verb) the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...
- punctuational exclamation in haiku, renga, etc.
- interjection expressing surprise
- hi
- yes; what?
- plain copula
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- to reveal; to show; to display
- to express
- to represent; to signify; to stand for
- to make widely known
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- again; and; also; still (doing something)
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- the world; society; the universe
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- casual quoting particle
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- to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to grant; to confer; to present; to award
- to provide; to afford; to offer; to supply
- to assign
- to cause
- to pass (a variable to a function)
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- now; current; present; present time; as of
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- language; dialect
- word; words; phrase; term; expression; remark
- speech; (manner of) speaking
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- century; era
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- to be born
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- all; the whole; entirely; in general; wholly; overall
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- -like; typical
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- to become; to get; to grow; to be; to reach; to attain
- to result in; to prove to be
- to consist of; to be composed of
- to succeed; to be complete
- to change into; to be exchanged for
- to play a role
- to be promoted (shogi)
- to do ...
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- to give birth; to deliver; to produce
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- to be (of animate objects); to exist
- to stay
- (after the -te form of a verb) verb indicating continuing action or state (i.e. to be ..ing, to have been ..ing)
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- to arrive at; to reach
- to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
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- evening
- last night
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- strong; powerful; mighty; potent
- resistant; resilient; durable
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- varied; various
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